Rectus Capitis Anticus Major.
Rectus Lateralis.
Rectus Capitis Anticus Minor.
Longus Colli.

The Rectus Capitis Anticus Major (fig. 141), broad and thick above, narrow below, appears like a continuation upwards of the Scalenus anticus. It arises by four tendons from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, and ascends, converging towards its fellow of the opposite side, to be inserted into the basilar process of the occipital bone.

Relations. By its anterior surface, with the pharynx, the sympathetic nerve, and the sheath enclosing the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and pneumo-gastric nerve. By its posterior surface, with the Longus colli, the Rectus anticus minor, and the upper cervical vertebrae.

The Rectus Capitis Anticus Minor is a short muscle, situated immediately beneath the upper part of the preceding. It arises from the anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and from the root of its transverse process; passing obliquely upwards and inwards, it is inserted into the basilar process' immediately behind the preceding muscle.

Relations. By its anterior surface, with the Rectus an*icus major. By its posterior surface, with the anterior part of the occipito-atlantal articulation. Externally, with the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic.

The Rectus Lateralis is a short, flat muscle, situated between the transverse process of the atlas, and the jugular process of the occipital bone. It arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas, and is inserted into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone.

Relations. By its anterior surface, with the internal jugular vein. By its posterior surface, with the vertebral artery.

The Longus Colli is a long, flat muscle, situated on the anterior surface of the spine, between the atlas and the third dorsal vertebra, being broad in the middle, narrow and pointed at each extremity. It consists of three portions, a superior oblique, an inferior oblique, and a vertical portion.

The superior oblique portion arises by a narrow tendon from the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas, and descending obliquely outwards, is inserted into the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebrae.

The inferior oblique portion, the smallest part of the muscle, arises tendinous

from the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae, and passing obliquely inwards, is inserted into the bodies of the first two or three dorsal vertebras.

The vertical portion lies directly on the front of the spine, and is extended between the bodies of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebrae above, and the bodies of the three lower cervical and the three upper dorsal below.

Relations. By its anterior surface, with the pharynx, the resophagus, sympathetic nerve, the sheath of the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and pneumo-gastric nerve, inferior thyroid artery, and recurrent laryngeal nerve. By its posterior surface, with the cervical and dorsal portions of the spine.